重金属镉暴露诱导肝细胞癌发生的分子机制研究进展

Research progress on molecular mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by heavy metal cadmium exposure

摘要:

镉是环境中一种常见的有毒金属，已被证实与多种人类疾病密切相关，特别是肝细胞癌。近年来，环境污染加剧，人们对重金属影响健康的关注持续增加，因此镉的致癌机制逐渐成为研究的热点。研究表明，镉通过氧化应激、炎症反应和基因表达调控等途径影响肝细胞，从而促进肝细胞癌的发生。然而，关于镉诱导肝细胞癌的具体分子机制仍未完全阐明。本文将综述镉暴露对肝细胞的影响及其诱导癌变的分子机制，探讨镉如何通过不同途径促进肝细胞癌的发生，并分析其致癌作用，以期为将来的防治措施提供科学依据。

Abstract:

Cadmium is a common and highly toxic environmental heavy metal that has been shown to be closely associated with various human diseases, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In recent years, with the worsening of environmental pollution and growing public concern over the health effects of heavy metals, the carcinogenic mechanisms of cadmium have become a major focus of research. Studies have shown that cadmium can affect hepatocytes through several biological pathways, including oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and gene expression regulation, thereby promoting the development of HCC. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying cadmium-induced hepatocarcinogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated. This review summarizes recent findings on the impact of cadmium exposure on hepatocytes and its role in carcinogenesis, examines how cadmium contributes to HCC development through different biological pathways, and analyzes its oncogenic effects, with the aim of providing a scientific foundation for future preventive and therapeutic strategies.