环境因素在肝内胆管癌发生发展中作用的初步探讨

Preliminary study on the role of environmental factors in the development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

摘要:

肝内胆管癌 （ICC） 是一种发病率持续上升且预后不良的恶性肿瘤，其发生发展与多种环境因素密切相关。外部环境因素如寄生虫感染、胆管结石、肝炎病毒、非酒精性脂肪肝及环境毒素，以及内部环境因素如基因突变、代谢异常、 炎症、肿瘤微环境及肠道菌群紊乱，均在 ICC中发挥重要作用。环境因素应作为整体概念纳入肿瘤发病机制研究，而非局限于单一因素。早发型肝内胆管癌 （EOICC） 与环境因素的关系尤为突出，提示其在肿瘤年轻化趋势中的关键作用。基于环境因素的 ICC防治策略强调一级预防，包括改善公共卫生、推广健康生活方式及控制污染等。未来研究需深入探索环境因素与ICC的分子机制，为靶向治疗和预防提供科学依据。

Abstract:

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a malignant tumor with increasing incidence and poor prognosis. Its development is closely associated with various environmental factors. External environmental factors such as parasitic infections, bile duct stones, hepatitis viruses, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and environmental toxins, as well as internal environmental factors including genetic mutations, metabolic abnormalities, inflammation, tumor microenvironment, and gut microbiota dysbiosis, play significant roles in ICC. Environmental factors should be considered as a holistic concept in the study of tumor pathogenesis, rather than being limited to individual factors. The relationship between early-onset intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EOICC) and environmental factors is particularly notable, highlighting the critical role of environmental factors in the trend toward younger onset of tumors. Prevention strategies for ICC based on environmental factors emphasize primary prevention, including improving public health, promoting healthy lifestyles, and controlling pollution. Future research needs to delve deeper into the molecular mechanisms linking environmental factors and ICC, providing a scientific basis for targeted therapies and prevention.