糖原代谢调控与疾病研究的新进展

New advances in research on glycogen metabolism-regulated diseases

摘要:

糖原是由葡萄糖分子通过α-1,4-糖苷键和α-1,6-糖苷键连接而成的多糖，是人体内主要的储能形式之一。糖原主要储存在肝 （肝糖原） 和骨骼肌 （肌糖原） 中，同时在心肌、肾、脑等组织中也少量存在。机体需要能量时，肝糖原可以分解成葡萄糖，提供给身体各个组织和器官利用，肌糖原则在运动时被骨骼肌消耗供能。除了在维持血糖水平和提供能量方面的重要作用外，糖原代谢还参与调控细胞分化、信号传导和氧化还原等生物学过程。本文主要探讨了糖原代谢在代谢性疾病、肿瘤和免疫细胞应答等过程中的调控机制的最新研究进展，同时总结了糖原代谢的新型调控模式和机制。

Abstract:

Glycogen, a polysaccharide composed of glucose molecules linked by α-1,4-glycosidic and α-1,6- glycosidic bonds, is one of the primary energy storage forms in human body. Glycogen is primarily stored in the liver (as liver glycogen) and skeletal muscles (as muscle glycogen), with smaller amounts present in tissues such as myocardium, kidneys, and brain. When the body requires energy, liver glycogen can be broken down into glucose, which is then utilized by various tissues and organs. During exercise, muscle glycogen is consumed by skeletal muscles to meet the energy demands of the muscles. Beyond its crucial roles in maintaining blood glucose levels and providing energy, recent research has revealed that glycogen metabolism also regulates biological processes such as cell differentiation, signal transduction, and redox reactions. This review focuses on the latest research advancements in the regulatory mechanisms of glycogen metabolism in metabolic diseases, tumors, and immune cell responses, highlighting new regulatory modes and mechanisms.