肺部微生态及其与常见肺部疾病关系的研究进展

Research progress of pulmonary microecology and its relationship with common pulmonary diseases

摘要:

传统观念认为正常人体上呼吸道有微生物，而下呼吸道，尤其是远端气道及肺泡组织在正常状况下为无菌状态，该结论的形成主要基于传统的以培养微生物为主的检测方法，具有一定的局限性。随着二代测序等技术的快速发展， 越来越多的研究证明人体肺部存在着微生物，通过与机体及环境相互影响，形成了动态平衡的肺微生态系统，并与机体的健康状态和呼吸系统疾病有着密切的联系。迄今，肺部“无菌”的观念已逐步被替代，很多研究也表明健康人群和呼吸系统疾病患者肺部微生物是有区别的，且机体处于不同疾病状态时其微生物组成也存在差异。本文综述了国内外关于肺部微生物组学的发展历程和研究现状，健康和疾病状态肺部微生物组学的差异及呼吸道、肠道微生态之间的联系。

Abstract:

The conventional wisdom is that the normal human upper respiratory tract has microorganisms. However, under normal conditions, the lower respiratory tract is sterile, especially the distal airway and alveolar tissue. This conclusion is mainly based on the traditional detection method of culturing microorganisms, which has certain limitations. With the rapid development of technologies such as second-generation sequencing, more and more studies have proved the existence of microorganisms in human lungs. By interacting with the organism and the environment, it forms a dynamic and balanced lung microecosystem, which is closely related to human health and respiratory diseases. So far, the concept of pulmonary "sterile" has been gradually replaced. Many studies have also shown that the pulmonary microbes of healthy people and people with respiratory diseases are different, and the microbial composition of people in different disease states is also different. In this paper, the development and research status of pulmonary microbiome, the differences between healthy and diseased pulmonary microbiome, and the relationship between respiratory tract and intestinal microecology were reviewed.