Abstract:Mitochondrial replacement technique (MRT) research and clinical trial aim to help women carrying severe defective mitochondrial genes give birth to healthy infants which are genetically and consanguineously related to these women. However, MRT is still in its early stage of applying the basic research to clinical trial, and there are not only scientific and security controversy, but also a series of ethical and social concerns. Several jurisdictions are actively promoting legislation, revision, and policy formulation regarding the MRT. Nevertheless, different jurisdictions may have diverse attitudes and regulatory initiatives towards MRT related issues based on multidimensional factors, such as the development of science and technology, ethical culture, and political stance, which also poses a significant challenge to the development of MRT and responsible governance of this research field. The construction of a regulatory system for MRT requires a comprehensive design based on our national condition, patient needs, technological advances, and risk considerations, as well as the existing regulatory framework for assisted reproductive technologies. In doing so, we can advance the responsible application of MRT and thereby promote human well-being.