PDX模型在肿瘤研究中的应用

The applications of patient-derived tumor xenograft model in cancer research

摘要:

建立合适的临床前研究模型是肿瘤研究转化的关键。目前，抗肿瘤药物的研究发展迅速，但由于缺乏合适的临床前期研究模型，大部分药物在进入Ⅱ期临床试验前便夭折。人源性肿瘤异种移植模型 (Patient-derived Tumor Xenograft Model，PDX) 是将患者肿瘤组织直接接种于免疫缺陷小鼠而建立的新型肿瘤研究模型，该模型保留了其供体肿瘤的主要组织学和遗传学特征，能够在后续传代中保持稳定，是一种能与临床样本保持较高一致性，且具有高临床预测价值的临床前研究模型。PDX模型可用于临床前药物评估、生物标志物鉴定和个性化精准医疗研究领域。本综述归纳了PDX模型的建立方法、PDX模型的优势及其在肿瘤研究方面的应用和局限性，并对PDX模型的未来发展方向进行了展望。

Abstract:

Establishment of appropriate preclinical research models is important for the tumor transformation research. Although the development of new anti-tumor drugs is emergent, but most of drugs are failed in phase Ⅱ clinical trials due to the limitations of preclinical research models. Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) is one of the novel tumor research models established by inoculating patient tumors tissue directly into immunodeficient mice. PDX is a preclinical research model with high clinical predictive value due to its high conservatism of histological and genetic characteristics with donor tumors. Generally, PDX models are widely used in preclinical drug evaluation, biomarker identification and personalized medical treatment. In this review, the methods of PDX model establishment, the advantages, the applications and the limitations of PDX model in tumor clinical research are summarized. At last, we prospect the future development of PDX model in tumor related research.