The translational medicine has improved the development of basic medicine such as molecular biology and has changed the medical model. The aim of translational medicine is to translate the basic research achievement of medical biology into technologies and drugs for application quickly and effectively. With the research progress of molecular biology of lung cancer, more molecular biomarkers have been found and used for tumor diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and curative effect surveillance. The research and application of lung cancer molecular markers are summarized as follows.